Introduction to Business 1st Edition

giới thiệu về kinh doanh
Được viết bởi các tác giả bán chạy nhất Heidi M. Neck, Christopher P. Neck và Emma L. Murray, Giới thiệu về Kinh doanh khám phá các nền tảng cơ bản của kinh doanh hiện đại đồng thời giải quyết xuyên suốt tác động xã hội, đạo đức và sức mạnh của sự đổi mới. Các trường hợp về công ty khởi nghiệp, doanh nghiệp nhỏ và tập đoàn sẽ thu hút sự quan tâm của sinh viên khi họ học hỏi từ các tổ chức tiên tiến nhất hiện nay. Bất kể nguyện vọng nghề nghiệp của học sinh là gì, họ sẽ phát triển tư duy và kỹ năng cần thiết để thành công trong hành trình nghề nghiệp của mình.

List of Case Studies
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Part I Business in an Entrepreneurial World
Chapter 1 The Business of Business
What Is Business?
Types of Business Organizations
Startups
Multinational Corporations
Growth Companies
Nonprofit Organizations
The Building Blocks of a Business
Block 1: The Offering
Block 2: Markets and Customers
Block 3: Structure and Purpose
Block 4: People Inside the Business
Block 5: Performance
The Role of Business in the World Today
People, Planet, Profit
People
Planet
Profit
The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
The Future of Work
The Gig Economy
The Workers
The Companies
The Consumers
AI, Automation, and the Work of the Future
Entrepreneurial Thinking and the Future of Business
Social Responsibility and Ethical Decision Making
Ethical Decision Making
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Chapter 2 Business Without Borders
Global Business Today
Common Challenges of Global Business
Approaches to Managing Legal and Regulatory Obligations
Choose the Right Business Structure
Be Mindful of Local Employment Laws
Understand the Impact of Tax Implications
Assess Pricing Challenges
Research Political and Cultural Considerations
Trading Across Borders
Types of Trade Restrictions
Absolute and Comparative Advantage
From Multinational Corporations to Startups in a Flat World
Benefits and Criticisms of MNCs
Benefits of MNCs
Criticisms of MNCs
Working Across Cultures
Cultural Misunderstandings
Cultural Competence
Models to Help Improve Your Cultural Awareness
Hofstede Model of Cultural Dimensions
Meyer’s Cultural Map
Molinsky’s Six-Dimension Framework for Global Dexterity
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Chapter 3 The Entrepreneurial Mindset
The Entrepreneurial Mindset
Growth Mindset Versus Fixed Mindset
Developing a Growth Mindset
The Entrepreneurial Mindset in Depth
Tolerance for Failure
Developing Grit
How Entrepreneurs Really Think
Theory of Effectuation
Deliberate Practice
How Deliberate Practice Shapes the Brain
Business in a VUCA World
VUCA and Entrepreneurs
The Known-Unknown Matrix
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Part II Block 1 The Offering
Chapter 4 Business Creation
Business Creation Through Entrepreneurship Is the Economic Engine of Society
Global Entrepreneurship
The Truth About Entrepreneurship
The Seven Truths About Entrepreneurship
Truth #1: Entrepreneurship Is Not Reserved for Startups
Truth #2: Entrepreneurs Do Not Have a Special Set of Personality Traits
Truth #3: Entrepreneurship Can Be Taught Because It’s a Way of Thinking
Truth #4: Entrepreneurs Are Not Extreme Risk Takers
Truth #5: Entrepreneurs Collaborate More Than They Compete
Truth #6: Entrepreneurs Act More Than They Plan
Truth #7: Entrepreneurship Is a Life Skill
Types of Entrepreneurship
Corporate Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship Inside
Franchising
Buying a Small Business
Social Entrepreneurship
Family Enterprise
Serial Entrepreneurship
Opportunities—Not Ideas—Create Businesses
The Idea Classification Matrix
Four Pathways to Opportunity Recognition
The IDEATE Method of Opportunity Recognition
Applying the IDEATE Method
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Chapter 5 Business Models
What Is a Business Model?
The Four Parts of a Business Model
The Offering
The Customers
The Infrastructure
Financial Viability
The Most Common Components of a Business Model
The Problem
The Solution
Key Resources
Customer Segments
Value Proposition
Competitive Advantage
Sales Channels
Revenue Model
Cost Structure
Key Partners
Key Metrics
Types of Business Models
Distributor
Retailer
Franchising
Subscription
Aggregator
Advertising
Data Licensing/Data Selling
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Utility and Usage
Professional
Licensing
Freemium
The Business Model Canvas Tool
Using the BMC for Ideation and Innovation
Freshwatching
Remove the Core
Epicenters
Follow Patterns
Ask Trigger Questions
Business Model Disruption
Disruptive Innovation
How Companies Can Develop a Disruptive Business Model23
Disruption Requires Research
Unmet Needs
Innovation Is Key
Market Creation
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Chapter 6 Business Strategy for Competitive Advantage
The Importance of Business Strategy
Connecting Strategy to Mission and Vision
How Strategy Connects With Competitive Advantage
The Four Generic Strategies and Competitive Advantage
Stuck in the Middle
External Strategic Analysis
PESTLE Analysis
Scenario Planning
Internal Strategic Analysis
Resource-Based View
Valuable
Rare
Costly to Imitate
Organized to Capture Value
Competitive Profile Matrix
Hypercompetition
The 7S’s Hypercompetition Model
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Part III Block 2 Markets and Customers
Chapter 7 Marketing and Sales
The Role of Marketing and Sales in Business
The Marketing Mix
Product
Price
Types of Pricing Strategies
Promotion
Types of Advertising
Specialty Promotion
Sales Promotions
Public Relations
Content Marketing
Place
B2B and B2C Sales
The Sales Cycle
Modern Selling Techniques
SPIN Selling
Situation
Problem
Implication
Need-Payoff Questions
SNAP Selling
Keep It Simple
Be iNvaluable
Always Align
Raise Priorities
N.E.A.T. Selling
Inbound Selling
Customer-Centric Selling
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Chapter 8 Customers and Market Segments
How Customers Create Markets
Customers and Markets
Types of Customers
Consumer Behavior and Buying Decisions
Customers Seek Functional and Emotional Value
Connecting With Customers on an Emotional Level
The Buying Process
The Technology Adoption Life Cycle
Market Segmentation
Types of Segments
Benefits of Segmenting a Market
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Part IV Block 3 Structure and Purpose
Chapter 9 Organizational Structure and Design
Organizational Structure
Organizational Charts
Types of Managers
Elements of Organizational Structure
Division of Labor
Departmentalization
Chain of Command
Span of Control
Authority, Responsibility, and Delegation
Authority
Responsibility
Delegation
Centralization and Decentralization
Formalization
Traditional Organizational Structures
Simple Structure
Functional Structure
Divisional Structure
Vertical Organizational Structure
Horizontal Organizational Structure
Contemporary Organizational Structures
Matrix Organizations
Network Structure
Holacratic Organizational Structure
Process-Based Organizational Structure
Virtual Organizational Structure
Circular Structure
Primary Factors in Determining Structural Type
Environment
Mechanistic Structure
Organic Structure
Company Size
Strategy
Technology
Financial Condition
The Organizational Life Cycle
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Chapter 10 Organizational Mission and Culture
Organizational Mission, Vision, and Values
Mission Statement
Mission as a Guide for Strategic Decisions
Vision
Values
Organizational Culture
Strong and Weak Organizational Cultures
Dimensions of Organizational Culture
Different Types of Culture
Positive Organizational Culture
Communal Culture
Fragmented Culture
Mercenary Culture
Networked Culture
Ethical Culture
Spiritual Culture
Employee Fit With Organizational Culture
Culture and Mental Health
Clues to Help Decipher Organizational Culture
Symbols
Practices
Rituals
Myths
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Part V Block 4 People Inside the Business
Chapter 11 Management and Leadership
What Is Management?
What Managers Do
The Four Functions of Management
Planning
Types of Plans
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
Different Types of Managers
Financial Managers
Operations Managers
Marketing Managers
Human Resources Managers
Administrative Managers
Essential Management Skills
Other Important Management Skills
Leading Versus Managing Others
What Leaders Do
The Differences Between Managers and Leaders
Various Leadership Styles
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI)
How Leaders Can Promote DEI in Organizations
Positive Ways to Promote DEI
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Chapter 12 Human Resource Management
Human Resource Management and Talent Management
Main Challenges for HRM
Rise in Flexible Working
Growth in Gig Workers
Reskilling/Upskilling
Increasingly Diverse Workforce
Recruitment and Selection for Diversity and Inclusion
Levels of Diversity
Age Diversity
Race and Ethnicity Diversity
Gender Diversity
Sexual Orientation
Ability Diversity
Legal Framework for Diversity and Inclusion
Finding Strong Talent
Finding Internal and External Candidates
Hiring Nontraditional Candidates
The Selection Process
Onboarding and Training Employees
Remote Onboarding
The Training Process
Employee Performance
Achievement-Oriented
Fair and Accurate
Developmental
The Importance of Feedback
Retaining Employees Through Compensation
Retaining Employees Through Development Programs
Additional Benefits To Compensation Packages
College Tuition Assistance
Flexible Working Hours
Shorter Working Week
Financial Wellness Programs
Leave Policies
Well-being Programs
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Chapter 13 Motivation and Empowerment
Motivation and Empowerment in Business
The Motivation Process
Empowerment
Intrinsic Motivation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
ERG Theory of Motivation
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory
Equity Theory
Expectancy Theory
Goal-Setting Theory
Extrinsic Motivation
Financial Sources of Extrinsic Motivation
Seniority-Based Pay
Job Content–Based Pay
Skill-Based Pay
Performance-Based Pay
Nonfinancial Sources of Extrinsic Motivation
Awards and Recognition
Job Enrichment
Training and Development
Combining Both Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivators
Motivation for Ourselves
Motivation Through Empowerment and Self-Leadership
Self-Leadership as a Key Empowerment Strategy for Managers
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Chapter 14 Communication in Business
The Role of Communication
The Communication Process
Forms of Communication
Face-to-Face Communication
Virtual Communication
Barriers to Effective Communication
Listening
Active Listening
Communicating in Organizations
Three Directions of Communication
Downward Communication
Upward Communication
Lateral Communication
Formal and Informal Networks
How To Control Gossip
Cross-Cultural Communication
Barriers to Cross-Cultural Communication
Ethnocentrism
Informal Language
Participation Norms
Conflict
Constructive Criticism
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Part VI Block 5 Performance
Chapter 15 Business Operations
The Operations Behind Running a Business
Converting Inputs Into Outputs
How Operations Function in Different Industries
Retail Business Operations
Restaurant Business Operations
Service Company Business Operations
Product Business Operations
Digital Business Operations
Product Operations
Step 1: Production Planning
Step 2: Routing
Step 3: Scheduling
Step 4: Dispatching
Step 5: Follow Up
Types of Production Methods
Make to Order
Mass Production
Mass Customization
Continuous Production
Lean Manufacturing
Agile Manufacturing
Additive Manufacturing
Quality Control
Continuous Improvement
Statistical Quality Control (SQC)
Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma
Service Operations
Measure Customer Feedback
Report on Customer Data
Manage Technology
Strategize Positive Customer Experience
Support Customer Onboarding
Digital Operations
Digital Transformation
Digitization and the Employee Experience
Supply Chain Management
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Chapter 16 Data Management and Analytics
Data and Information
Big Data Versus Small Data
User-Generated Data
Information Systems
Types of Information Systems
Data Communication Networks
Cloud Computing
The Internet
The World Wide Web
The Intranet
Extranet
Data Security Issues
Protecting Against Cybercrime
Business Analytics
Types of Business Analytics
Descriptive Analytics
Diagnostic Analytics
Predictive Analytics
Prescriptive Analytics
Components of Business Analytics
Data Aggregation
Data Mining
Association and Sequence Identification
Forecasting
Optimization
Data Visualization
Challenges Presented by Business Analytics
Executive Distrust
Poor Collaboration
Lack of Commitment
Low-Quality Data
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Chapter 17 Accounting Basics
Accounting Is the Language of Business
Users of Accounting Information
Types of Accounting
Cash Basis Accounting and Accrual Basis Accounting
The Three Major Financial Statements
The Income Statement
The Balance Sheet
Other Types of Assets
Liabilities and Shareholder Equity
The Cash Flow Statement
Net Income Versus Cash Flow
Connecting the Three Statements
Analyzing Performance: Ratio Analysis
The Six Most Important Financial Ratios
Ratio #1 Gross Margin Percentage
Ratio #2: Profit Margin
Ratio #3: Return on Equity
Ratio #4: Debt-to-Equity Ratio
Ratio #5: Quick Ratio
Ratio #6: Current ratio
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Chapter 18 Financial Management
Financial Management Overview
Three Types of Financial Management Decisions
Financial Management Functions
Estimate Required Capital
Determine Capital Structure
Evaluate and Select Sources of Funds
Allocate and Control Funds
Distribute Profits or Surplus
Monitoring Financial Activities
How Financial Management Is Different From Accounting
The Role of a CFO in a Business
Differences Between CFOs and Controllers
Financial Planning
Equity and Debt Financing
Equity Financing
Stages of Equity Financing for Business Startups
Forms of Early-Stage Equity Financing
Debt Financing
Types of Business Loans
Business Term Loan
Commercial Mortgage
Equipment Lease
Line of Credit
Business Credit Cards
SBA Loans
Microloans
Paying Back a Business Loan
The Cash Conversion Cycle
Internal Financial Controls
Types of Internal Financial Controls
Detective Internal Controls
Preventative Internal Controls
Corrective Internal Controls
In Review
Businesses Discussed in This Chapter
Key Terms
Appendix A: Navigating Legal and IP Issues in Business
Legal Considerations
Types of Legal Structures
Sole Proprietorship
General Partnership
Limited Liability Company
Benefit Corporation
Not-for-Profit Entities
Intellectual Property (IP)
The Four Types of Intellectual Property
Copyright
Trademark and Service Mark
Trade Secret
Patent
Nondisclosure Agreement
Global IP Theft
Common IP Traps
Publicly Disclosing Your Innovation
Failure to Protect Product and Processes
Inability to Determine Originality
Failure to Assign Ownership
Failure to Protect IP in Global Markets
Hiring Employees
Equal Employment Opportunity
Employer Identification Number
Unemployment and Workers’ Compensation
Withholding Taxes
Employee Forms
Benefits
Safety Measures
Hiring a Contractor or an Employee?
Compensating Employees
Compensation in the Form of Equity
Unpaid Internships
In Review
Key Terms
Appendix B: Putting It All Together
The Business Impact Project
The Business Impact Slide Deck
Researching Your Chosen Company
Summary of Deliverable Expectations
Business Impact Deck Example
Glossary
Endnotes
Index