Music Business Handbook and Career Guide 13th Edition

Cẩm nang kinh doanh âm nhạc và hướng dẫn nghề nghiệp
Phiên bản thứ mười ba của cuốn sách bán chạy nhất này vẫn duy trì truyền thống là hướng dẫn cập nhật, toàn diện nhất về ngành công nghiệp âm nhạc với tất cả sự đa dạng của nó. Những độc giả mới làm quen với lĩnh vực kinh doanh âm nhạc cũng như những chuyên gia dày dạn kinh nghiệm sẽ thấy cuốn sổ tay của David Baskerville, Tim Baskerville và Serona Elton là nguồn tham khảo bất kể chuyên môn của họ trong lĩnh vực âm nhạc. Cẩm nang Kinh doanh Âm nhạc và Hướng dẫn Nghề nghiệp lý tưởng cho các khóa học giới thiệu như Giới thiệu về Kinh doanh Âm nhạc, Âm nhạc và Truyền thông cũng như các khóa học khảo sát khác cũng như các khóa học chuyên sâu hơn như Công nghiệp thu âm, Nghề nghiệp âm nhạc, Quản lý nghệ sĩ, v.v.  Phiên bản thứ mười ba được cập nhật đầy đủ bao gồm một cuộc thảo luận toàn diện về cuộc cách mạng phát trực tuyến, nơi hình thức tiêu thụ âm nhạc chiếm ưu thế này hiện nay và đang hướng tới trong tương lai. Những thay đổi nhanh chóng trong cấp phép âm nhạc được giải quyết và cách chúng tác động đến người sáng tạo, cấp phép biểu diễn tác phẩm âm nhạc, cơ khí bắt buộc và thương lượng cũng như giấy phép ghi âm. Ấn bản mới cũng phân tích bức tranh đang thay đổi của video âm nhạc và cho thấy video âm nhạc đã bị ảnh hưởng như thế nào bởi tính năng phát trực tuyến theo yêu cầu.  Cuối cùng, có thông tin hoàn toàn mới về COVID-19 và ngành công nghiệp hòa nhạc đã bị ảnh hưởng như thế nào cũng như những tiến bộ kỹ thuật số đã đạt được.

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Part I Setting the Stage
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Music Business
Music and Society: We’ve Got Music in Us
Yesterday
Finding a Paying Audience
Put It on Wax
Mass Media
Dawn of the Digital Millennium
Digital Threat Grows
iTunes Arrives
Congress and the Courts
The Industry Adapts
Today
Tomorrow
How the System Works
Getting Through the Maze
Show Me the Money
Tools of the Trade: Everybody’s Gotta Learn Sometime
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Note
Chapter 2 Agents, Managers, and Attorneys
Agents
Types of Agencies
Regulation of Agents
Statutory Regulation
Union Regulation
Agency Agreements
Managers
Regulation of Managers
Statutory Regulation
Union Regulation
Attorneys
Retaining Legal Counsel
Payment Options
Form of Organization
Contract Negotiations
The Adversarial Relationship
Conflicts of Interest
Termination
Professional Associations
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 3 Unions and Guilds
Collective Bargaining and the Role of Unions
American Federation of Musicians
AFM Today
AFM’s Evolution
Screen Actors Guild – American Federation of Television and Radio Artists
SAG-AFTRA Today
SAG-AFTRA’S Evolution
Other Entertainment-Related Unions
Actors’ Equity Association
American Guild of Musical Artists
American Guild of Variety Artists
International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees
Dramatists Guild
Other Unions and Guilds
Unions and the Covid-19 Pandemic
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 4 Artist Management
Discovering Each Other
Finding a Manager
Finding an Artist
Advancing the Artist’s Career
Developing the Plan
Forming the Team
Landing the Record Deal
Landing the Publishing Deal
Care and Feeding of the Media
Materials
Interviews
The Artist’s Performances
Everything Else
How the Money Works
The Manager’s Commission
Commission Level
Commission Base
After the Relationship Ends
Managing the Finances
The Personal Management Agreement
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Part II Copyright, Songwriting, Publishing, and Licensing
Chapter 5 Music Copyright
Background and Terminology
The Origins of Copyright Law
Key Terms
What Is Protected
Subject Matter
Exclusive Rights
Fair Use
Other Limitations
Who Owns the Copyright
Author’s Ownership
Joint Works
Collective Works
Work Made for Hire
Transfer of Ownership
Duration and Formalities
Duration of Protection
Copyright Registration
Copyright Notice
Music Business and Copyright
Compulsory Mechanical Licensing of Musical Works
Public Performance of Sound Recordings
The Allocation for Music Producers Act
Pre-72 Sound Recordings
Imitation Exclusion for Sound Recordings
Copyright Infringement
Cease and Desist Letters
Infringement Lawsuits
Small Claims
Criminal Penalties
Beyond U.S. Copyright law
International Copyright Law
Protection of Other Intellectual Property
Selection of a Name
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 6 Professional Songwriting
Predictors of Success
The Craft
Study and Instruction
Collaboration
The Business of Writing
From Tin Pan Alley to the Brill Building …
… To the Home Studio
Income Sources
Performance Royalties
Mechanical Royalties
Synchronization Fees
Print Royalties
Publishing Options
Setting Up a Publishing Company
Single-Song Agreements
Exclusive Songwriting Agreements and Staff Writers
Artist-Writer Contract Considerations
Songwriter Organizations
The Songwriters Guild of America
Nashville Songwriters Association International
Songwriters of North America
Other Songwriter Organizations
Breaking In
Demos
Network, Network, and Then Network Some More
Promote the Songs
Connect with Publishers
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 7 Music Publishing
The History of Music Publishing
Types of Music Publishers
Major Publishers
Independent Publishers
Full-Service Music Publishers
Writer-Owned Music Publishers
Specialty Music Publishers
Publishing Administrators
Print Publishers
Publishing Creative Services
Finding Writers and Songs
Song Casting
Promotion
Publishing Administration
Copyright
Licensing
Legal and Business Affairs
Royalties
Technology and Data
International
Print Publishing
Catalog Acquisitions
Other Business Functions
Income Sources
Performance Royalties
Mechanical Royalties
Synchronization Fees
Music Publishing Agreements
Exclusive Songwriter and Single-Song Agreements
Co-publishing Agreements
Administration Agreements
Joint Ventures
Split Ownership and Administration
Trade Associations
Music Publishers Association of the United States
National Music Publishers’ Association
Association of Independent Music Publishers
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 8 Music Licensing
Music Licensing Fundamentals
Licensing 101
The Content Being Licensed
Blanket and Compulsory Licenses
Creative Commons
Performance Licensing of Musical Works
Performing Rights Organizations
Performance Licensing: The Nuts and Bolts
Keeping Track of the Music
Comparing PROs
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP)
Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI)
SESAC
Global Music Rights (GMR)
AMRA
AllTrack
Regulation of PROs
Mechanical Licensing of Musical Works
Compulsory License Eligibility
Voluntary Licenses
The MMA and Mechanical Licensing
The Mechanical Licensing Collective
Mechanical Royalty Rates
Performance Licensing of Sound Recordings
The New Right
SoundExchange
Expansion and Data Tracking
The MMA and SoundExchange
Direct Licenses
Synchronization Licensing
Films
Shows and Commercials
Music Videos and User-Generated Content
Other Music Licenses
Video Games
Sample and Remix Licenses
Audio Transcription Licenses
Dramatic Music Rights
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Topics
Part III The Recorded Music Industry
Chapter 9 Recording Artists and Record Labels
Recording Artists
Predictors of Success
The Craft
Record Production and Distribution Options
Self-Releasing (Do-It-Yourself)
Hiring an Artist Services Company
Signing With a Record Label
The History of Record Labels
Types of Record Labels
Major Record Labels
Independent Labels
Record Label Structure
Executive Officers
Artist and Repertoire (A&R)
Marketing
International Marketing Department
Legal and Business Affairs
Royalties and Participations
Technology and Data
Licensing and Catalog Marketing
Artist Services
Manufacturing and Distribution
Publishing Affiliates
Other Business Functions
Income Sources
Royalties From Sales
Royalties From On-Demand Streaming
Royalties From Noninteractive Digital Performance
Synchronization Fees
Trade Associations
Recording Academy
Recording Industry Association of America
American Association of Independent Music
Music Artists Coalition
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 10 Recording Agreements
Types of Recording Agreements
Negotiations
Multi-Rights (360) Deals
SAG-AFTRA Agreement
Scale
Vocal Contractors
Health and Retirement
Digital Exploitations
Conversions
Acquired Masters
AFM Agreement
Scale
Contractors and Leaders
Health and Welfare and Retirement
New Use
Acquired Masters
Streaming Payments
Sound Recording Special Payments Fund
Music Performance Trust Fund
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 11 Record and Video Production
The Role of the Producer
The Producer’s Career Path
Professional Associations
Production Scenarios
The Recording Studio
Types of Studios
Project Studios
Commercial Studios
Selecting a Studio
Cost
Location
Equipment Inventory and Reliability
Control Room Acoustics
Live Room Acoustics
Intangibles
The Five Stages Of Record Production
Preproduction: Budgeting and Planning
In the Studio: Tracking
In the Studio: Editing
In the Studio: Mixing
Postproduction: Mastering
Music Video Production
Music Video Budgets
Music Video Production
Lyric Videos and Art Tracks
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 12 Record Label Marketing and Distribution
The Marketing Plan
The Goals
The Target Audience
The Marketing Team
The Product
Product Length
Product Configuration
Product Genre
Product Identifiers and Metadata
Exclusive Content and Windowing
The Role of the Distributor
Physical Distribution
Digital Distribution
The Evolution of Digital Consumption
Equivalent Albums
Digital Rights and Pricing
The Digital Supply Chain
Promotion
Publicity
Social Media and the Artist’s Website
Advertising
Playlist Promotion
Radio Promotion
Other Ways to Raise Awareness
International Promotion
Organizations and Events
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 13 On-Demand Streaming
The Evolution From Ownership to Access
Revenue Models
Paid Subscriptions
Ad-Supported
Key Metrics
App Platform Commissions
Paying for Content
Advances and Breakage
Payout Models
Valuing a Streaming Company
Music Discovery and Playlists
Controversies
Low Royalty Payouts
Inflated Stream Counts
Illegal Uploads and Downloads
User Demographics and Privacy
Looking Downstream
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 14 Market Analytics
Flying Blind
The Dawn of Data
Data Enlightenment
Consumption
Consumer Research
Sources
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Part IV Live Performance
Chapter 15 Concert Promotion
The Role of the Concert Promoter
Selecting the Artist
The Artist
The Agent
The Preliminaries
What Are the Artists’ Fees and Available Dates?
What Are the Possible Venues?
What Does the Venue Offer?
What Is the Venue’s Potential?
Making a Deal
Terminology
Deal Structures
The Performance Agreement
Production Planning
Marketing the Concert
Media
Websites, Socials, and Apps
Radio and Television
Direct Mail and Email
Print Media
Postering and Street Teams
Advertising Content
Sponsorships
Record Company Sponsorship
Radio Station Sponsorship
Consumer-Goods Sponsorship
College Sponsorship
The Future of Live
Private Concerts
Residencies
Virtual Performances
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 16 Concert Venues
Types of Venues
Venue Agreements and Services
Venue Rentals
Venue Services
Merchandise Sales
Venue Sponsorship and Naming Rights
Performance Licenses for Live Events
Managing Risk
Security
Outdoor Events
Financial Risk
Ticketing
Ticket Purchasing
Ticket Terminology
The Impact of Technology
Secondary Ticket Market
Digital Infrastructure
Going Cashless
Geofencing Technology
The Venue Management Profession
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 17 Arts Administration
The Audience for Classical Music
Management of an Arts Organization
Leadership of a Nonprofit
Financial Management
Audience Development
Funding the Arts
Ticket Sales
Foundations
Corporate Giving
Government Subsidy
National Endowment for the Arts
State Arts Councils
Volunteer Support
Representative Organizations
Americans for the Arts
League of American Orchestras
American Composers Alliance (ACA)
The International Society for Contemporary Music (ISCM)
New Music USA
Opera America
The Association of Performing Arts Professionals (APAP)
International Society for the Performing Arts (ISPA)
The National Music Council (NMC)
Music Critics Association of North America
Instrument-Focused Organizations
The Arts Administration Profession
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 18 Music in Theater
A Bit of Background
Types of Musical Theater Productions
Broadway Musicals
Off-Broadway Theater
Regional Theater
National Tours
Las Vegas and Other Entertainment Centers
School Productions
Amusement Parks and Cruise Ships
Production Considerations
The Producer and the Authors
Operating Costs
Profits and the Royalty Pool
Subsidiary Rights
Grand and Small Rights
Original Cast Recording
Theater Associations
American Theatre Wing
League of Resident Theatres
The Broadway League
National Alliance for Musical Theatre
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
PART V Music in the Marketplace
Chapter 19 Music in Radio and Video
The Evolution of Radio
Terrestrial Radio
Terrestrial Radio Station Types and Formats
Commercial Radio
College Radio
Public/Nonprofit Radio
Programming and Staffing
Networks and Syndication
Satellite Radio
Internet Radio
Business Music Services
Radio Audience Identification
Terrestrial Radio Audiences
Internet Radio Audiences
Television and Video Services
Music in Television Shows
Variety and Talk Shows
Talent Competition Shows
Music Award Shows and Specials
MTV and the Rise of the Music Video
Video Streaming Services
Video Streaming Comes of Age
The Love-Hate Relationship With YouTube
A View Forward
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 20 Music in Media
Music in Advertising
The Ad Agency
Original Music for Advertising
The Composer
The Performers
Production Sequence
Audio Advertising Production
Station Branding Logos
Music Scoring for Film
Background
The Process
Spotting the Film
Writing the Score
Recording the Music
The Final Mix
Hiring Practices
The Composer
Copyists
The Performers
Music Editors
Music Supervisors
Music Scoring for TV
Theme Songs
Background Music and Foreground Spotlights
Music Scoring for Video Games
Music Libraries
Production Music Libraries
Royalty-Free Music Libraries
Professional Organizations
Society of Composers & Lyricists
American Society of Music Arrangers & Composers
Production Music Association
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
Academy of Scoring Arts
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 21 Music Products
Manufacturing Instruments and Equipment
Globalization
The Lacey Act
Music Product Retailers
Full Line
The Combo Store
Band and Orchestra (B&O) Retailers
Specialty Shops
Audio and Video Equipment
Keyboards and Organs
Online Retailers
Print Products
Print Music
Music Books
Music Magazines
Top-Selling Categories
Promotion of Musical Products
Professional Development
Trade Associations
Trade Publications
Opportunities for Employment
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
PART VI Making a Living in Music
Chapter 22 The DIY Artist
Rise of the DIY Artist
Recording
Manufacturing Costs
Physical Distribution
Digital Distribution
Social Media
The Streaming Access Model
See the Music
Funding Sources
Crowdfunding
Grants
Sponsorship
Record and Video Production
Distribution
Promotion and Publicity
Social Media
Websites
Playlists
Publicity
Licensing and Merch
Music Licensing
Synchronization
Publishing Administration
Digital Performance of Sound Recordings
Merchandise
DIY Artist Checklist
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 23 Starting Your Own Business
Getting Started
Freelancer or Entrepreneur
The Plan
Raising Funds
Incubators and Accelerators
Launching Your Business
Choosing a Name
Business Structures
Sole Proprietorship
Partnership
Corporation
Permits and Legal Issues
Marketing
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
Keeping Track of the Money
When to Record a Transaction
Balance Sheet
Income Statement
Cash Flow Statement
Leadership and Operations
Leadership Styles
Managing Operations
Why New Businesses Fail
Case Studies
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 24 Career Options
Music Business Careers
Scouting Talent and Content
Representing and Advising Talent
Staging Live Performances
Business Development
Promotion
Publicity and Journalism
Sales and Distribution
Fundraising and Investor Relations
Finance and Accounting
Technology and Data
Legal Affairs and Licensing
Music-Related Creative Careers
Vocalist
Instrumentalist
Conductor/Musical Director
Songwriter
Lyricist/Librettist
Composer of Classical Music
Composer of Film and TV Music
Composer of Video Game Music
Composer of Show Music
Jingle Writer
Arranger/Orchestrator/Copyist
Music Editor
Record Producer
Audio Engineer
Music Video Director
Visual Artists and Production Designers
Music-Related Specialty Careers
Studio Teacher
K–12 Music Education
College Music Instructor
Music Therapist
Music or Ensemble Librarian
Musicologist
Music Product Design and Maintenance
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Chapter 25 Career Development
Defining Your Goals
Your Value System
Preferences, Interests, and Talents
Counselors
Developing Your Skills
Hard skills
Soft skills
Finding Opportunities
Networking
Sourcing
Getting the Gig
Alignment
Tips for Cover Letters and Resumes
Research
Tips for Interviews
Climbing the Ladder
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Glossary
Index