Intercultural Management 1st Edition - Concepts, Practice, Critical Reflection

PrefaceAcknowledgmentsAbout the AuthorOnline Resources for InstructorsPraise for this Book1 Relevance of Intercultural ManagementLearning Objectives1.1 Cultural Diversity—A Blessing or a Curse?1.2 Intercultural Management Challenges in Different Areas1.3 Reasons for Studying Intercultural ManagementSummary2 Definitions, Manifestations, Delineations, and Functions of CultureLearning Objectives2.1 Definitions of Culture2.2 Manifestations of Culture2.3 Delineations of National Culture2.4 Origins of Culture2.4.1 Physical Environment2.4.2 Legal–Political System2.4.3 Economy2.4.4 Religion2.4.5 Biology2.5 Functions of CultureSummary3 Intercultural Management Research: Conceptual and Methodological IssuesLearning Objectives3.1 Historical Roots and Interdisciplinary References3.2 Current Research Streams and Theoretical Foundations3.2.1 Epistemological Perspectives3.2.2 Comparative Management Research3.2.3 Cross-Cultural Management Research3.2.4 Indigenous Management Research3.2.5 Postcolonial Management Research3.3 Methodological Challenges of Intercultural Management Research3.3.1 Conceptualization of Research Projects3.3.2 Data Collection3.3.2.1 Sample3.3.2.2 Methods3.3.3 Data Analysis3.3.4 Interpretation of ResultsSummary4 Concepts of CultureLearning Objectives4.1 The Concept of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck4.1.1 Overview4.1.2 Basic Cultural Orientations4.1.2.1 Human–Nature Orientation4.1.2.2 Man–Nature Orientation4.1.2.3 Relational Orientation4.1.2.4 Activity Orientation4.1.2.5 Time Orientation4.1.3 Critical Evaluation4.2 The Concept of Hall4.2.1 Overview4.2.2 Dimensions of Culture4.2.2.1 Context Orientation4.2.2.2 Time Orientation4.2.2.3 Space Orientation4.2.3 Critical Evaluation4.3 The Concept of Hofstede4.3.1 Overview4.3.2 Dimensions of Culture4.3.2.1 Power Distance4.3.2.2 Uncertainty Avoidance4.3.2.3 Individualism vs. Collectivism4.3.2.4 Masculinity vs. Femininity4.3.2.5 Long-term Orientation4.3.2.6 Indulgence vs. Restraint4.3.3 Critical Evaluation4.4 The Concept of Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner4.4.1 Overview4.4.2 Dimensions of Culture4.4.2.1 Universalism vs. Particularism4.4.2.2 Individualism vs. Communitarianism4.4.2.3 Neutral vs. Emotional4.4.2.4 Specificity vs. Diffuseness4.4.2.5 Achieved Status vs. Ascribed Status4.4.2.6 Inner Direction vs. Outer Direction4.4.2.7 Sequential Time vs. Synchronous Time4.4.3 Critical Evaluation4.5 Schwartz’s Concept of Cultural Value Orientations4.5.1 Overview4.5.2 Dimensions of Culture4.5.2.1 Autonomy vs. Embeddedness4.5.2.2 Egalitarianism vs. Hierarchy4.5.2.3 Harmony vs. Mastery4.5.3 Critical Evaluation4.6 The GLOBE Study4.6.1 Overview4.6.2 GLOBE’s Cultural Dimensions: Cultural Practices vs. Cultural Values4.6.3 Critical Evaluation4.7 Thomas’ Concept of Cultural Standards4.7.1 Overview4.7.2 Examples of Cultural Standards4.7.3 Critical Evaluation4.8 The Constructivist Concept of Culture4.8.1 Overview4.8.2 Application in Intercultural Management4.8.3 Critical Evaluation4.9 Concepts of Culture: A Critical EvaluationSummary5 Cultural Differences and Cultural SimilaritiesLearning Objectives5.1 Cultural Clusters5.1.1 The Typology of Galtung5.1.2 Huntington’s Classification of Civilizations5.1.3 Cattell’s Concept of Syntality Patterns5.1.4 Taxonomy of Cultures Based on Hofstede5.1.5 Schwartz’s Spatial Map of Cultural Regions5.1.6 The GLOBE Cultural Clusters5.1.7 Cultural Clusters of Ronen and Shenkar5.1.8 Critical Evaluation5.2 Cultural Distance and Cultural Attractiveness5.2.1 The Kogut and Singh Index of Cultural Distance5.2.2 The Cultural Attractiveness Concept of Li et al.5.2.3 Shenkar’s Concept of Cultural Frictions5.2.4 Bilateral Trade in Cultural Goods as a Proxy for Cultural Attractiveness5.2.5 Critical Evaluation5.3 Cultural Diversity5.3.1 Level-Based Concepts of Cultural Diversity5.3.2 Variance-Based Concepts of Cultural Diversity5.3.2.1 Gelfand’s Concept of Cultural Tightness and Looseness5.3.2.2 The Concept of Ethnolinguistic Fractionalization5.3.3 Pattern-Based Concepts of Cultural Diversity5.3.4 Critical EvaluationSummary6 Intercultural Communication and NegotiationLearning Objectives6.1 Process Model of Intercultural Communication6.2 Elements of Intercultural Communication6.2.1 Verbal Communication6.2.1.1 Phonology6.2.1.2 Morphology6.2.1.3 Syntax6.2.1.4 Semantics6.2.1.5 Pragmatics6.2.2 Para-Verbal Communication6.2.2.1 Oral Communication6.2.2.2 Written Communication6.2.3 Non-Verbal Communication6.2.3.1 Oral Communication6.2.3.2 Written Communication6.2.4 Extra-verbal Communication6.2.4.1 Oral Communication6.2.4.2 Written Communication6.3 Language and Cognition6.4 Language and Translation6.5 Intercultural Negotiation6.6 Instrumental Forms of Intercultural Communication6.6.1 Tactics of Instrumental Communication6.6.1.1 Fake News6.6.1.2 Doublespeak6.6.1.3 Non-Linguistic Tactics of Instrumental Communication6.6.2 Responses to Instrumental Communication6.6.2.1 Disputing about Facts6.6.2.2 Redirecting the Discourse6.6.2.3 Impeaching the Person’s Credibility6.6.2.4 Irony6.6.2.5 Ending the ConversationSummary7 Intercultural Management of Individuals, Teams, and OrganizationsLearning Objectives7.1 Individual Level: Career Patterns, Motivation, and Leadership in Different Cultures7.1.1 Culture and Career Patterns7.1.1.1 Recruitment and Selection7.1.1.2 Training and Development7.1.1.3 Promotion7.1.1.4 Typology of Career Models by Evans, Lank and Farquhar7.1.2 Culture and Work Motivation7.1.3 Culture and Leadership7.1.4 Critical Evaluation7.2 Group Level: Multicultural Teams7.2.1 Cultural Diversity and Multicultural Team Performance7.2.2 Moderators of Multicultural Team Performance7.2.3 Critical Evaluation7.3 Corporate Level: Organization in Different Cultures7.3.1 Culture and Organizational Design7.3.2 Culture and Interorganizational Collaboration7.3.3 Cross-Cultural Transfer of Organizational Practices7.3.4 Critical EvaluationSummary8 Intercultural CompetenceLearning Objectives8.1 Relevance and Definition8.2 Dimensions of Intercultural Competence8.3 Stage Model of Intercultural Competence8.3.1 Ethnocentric Stages8.3.2 Ethnorelative Stages8.4 Developing Intercultural Competence as Learning Cycle8.5 Antecedents of Intercultural Competence8.5.1 Psychographic Factors8.5.2 Demographic Factors8.6 Outcomes of Intercultural Competence8.6.1 Cultural Adjustment8.6.2 Cultural Boundary Spanning8.7 Measuring Intercultural Competence8.7.1 Self-Reported Evaluations8.7.2 Informant-Based Evaluations8.7.3 Observer-Based Evaluations8.8 Critical Outlook and Future DirectionsSummary9 Intercultural TrainingLearning Objectives9.1 Relevance and Definition9.2 Typology of Intercultural Training Methods9.3 Culture-Specific Training9.3.1 Intellectual Culture-Specific Training9.3.2 Experiential Culture-Specific Training9.4 Culture-General Training9.4.1 Intellectual Culture-General Training9.4.2 Experiential Culture-General Training9.5 Effectiveness of Intercultural Training9.6 Critical Outlook and Future DirectionsSummaryReferencesIndex