Business Ethics 3rd Edition - Best Practices for Designing and Managing Ethical Organizations
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Đạo đức kinh doanhCác phương pháp thực hành tốt nhất để thiết kế và quản lý các tổ chức có đạo đứcĐạo đức kinh doanh dạy cho sinh viên cách tạo ra các tổ chức có tính chính trực cao và hiệu suất vượt trội. Tác giả Denis Collins và đồng tác giả mới Patricia Kanashiro hướng dẫn độc giả cách thiết kế các tổ chức có đạo đức bằng cách sử dụng Mô hình hệ thống đạo đức nhằm phác thảo các phương pháp hay nhất để tuyển dụng, đào tạo, đưa ra các quyết định có đạo đức và nuôi dưỡng niềm tin. Phiên bản thứ ba được sửa đổi đáng kể tích hợp những kết quả nghiên cứu mới nhất; bao gồm ba chương mới về quản trị doanh nghiệp và mối quan hệ với các bên liên quan, tính bền vững toàn cầu và quyền công dân doanh nghiệp toàn cầu; và khám phá các chủ đề kịp thời thông qua các nghiên cứu điển hình mới về cuộc khủng hoảng opioid, phong trào #MeToo, biến đổi khí hậu và phản ứng của doanh nghiệp đối với đại dịch COVID-19.
- PrefaceAcknowledgmentsAbout the AuthorsPART I AN INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ETHICS
- Chapter 1 Unethical Behaviors in Organizations and Human NatureEthical Issues at WorkDaily Occurrence of Ethical IssuesExtent of Unethical BehaviorsProfession and Industry IssuesOperation AreasCosts Associated With Unethical BehaviorsLegal CostsEmployee Theft CostsMonitoring CostsReputation CostsAbusive Treatment CostsRecruitment and Turnover CostsCompetitive Advantages of Ethical OrganizationsEthical Applications: Persuading Employees of the Importance of Being EthicalHuman NatureBorn With Prior Knowledge of Right and WrongBorn Good or With a Moral SenseBorn With Inherited SinBorn Morally NeutralMoral DevelopmentCognitive DevelopmentStages of Moral DevelopmentLies and CheatingWhy Do Good People Behave Unethically?Unintended Unethical BehaviorsChoosing Between Competing ValuesIntentional Unethical BehaviorsFailure to Report Unethical BehaviorsSo, Why Be Moral?
- Chapter 2 The Evolution of Business EthicsThe Historical Flow of Civilization and Business EthicsEarly Civilizations and Business EthicsEuropean Settlement of America and Business EthicsFreedom, Rights, and the Ethics of CapitalismAdam Smith’s CapitalismSmith on Labor IssuesBusiness Ethics Under CapitalismUnfair CompetitionSlaveryLabor UnionsStakeholder Rights and the Interpenetrating Systems ModelFrom Regulation to Ethical EncouragementsWages and CompensationMinimum and Living WagesEmployee BenefitsDefense Industry InitiativeFederal Sentencing Guidelines for OrganizationsOther IncentivesThe Ethical Systems ModelA High-Integrity Work CultureThe Ethical Systems ModelEthical Applications: The Total Quality Management of Ethics
- Chapter 3 Corporate Governance and Stakeholder RelationshipsTraditional Shareholder-Oriented Governance SystemsShareholder “Best Interests”Narrow Conception of Social ResponsibilityBroad Conception of Social ResponsibilityEthical Applications: Business Roundtable Statement on the Purpose of a CorporationInnovative Stakeholder-Oriented Governance SystemsBenefit Corporation and Certified B CorpsEmployee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs)CooperativesCorporate Governance Best PracticesGovernance Problems and IssuesNegligenceUndue Influence by CEO and Other ManagersBoard Member Interests and Insider TradingBoard DiversitySexual HarassmentShareholder ActivismExecutive PayPART II ONBOARDING AND TRAINING
- Chapter 4 Hiring Ethical PeopleImportance of an Ethics ScreenThe Six-Step Ethics Job Screen ProcessStep 1: Ethics Screen NoticeStep 2: Legal Ground RulesTitle VII of the Civil Rights ActDisparate ImpactsAffirmative ActionAlcoholism and SmokingNepotismUndocumented or Illegal ImmigrantsStep 3: Behavioral InformationRésumésReference ChecksEthical Applications: Legal Protections for Contacting ReferencesBackground ChecksIntegrity TestsStep 4: Personality Traits and Related CharacteristicsConscientiousnessOrganizational Citizenship BehaviorMental Disability TestsStep 5: Interview QuestionsPrevious Ethical DilemmasVisual Lie DetectionRealistic Job PreviewsStep 6: Post-Interview TestsDrug TestingPolygraphs
- Chapter 5 Codes of Ethics and Codes of ConductDifferences Between a Code of Ethics and a Code of ConductPurpose and Importance of CodesAlign the Organization’s Values With Industry, Professional, and Legal CodesDemonstrate Managerial Concern for EthicsConvey a Particular Set of Values and ObligationsMeet Legal Requirements and Industry TrendsPositively Affect Employee Behaviors and Firm PerformanceCode of EthicsOathsInternational CodesCreating a Code of EthicsConnecting Code of Ethics to Strategic PlanningCode of ConductEthical Applications: Commitment to My CoworkersBusiness GratuitiesE-MailImplementing an Effective Code Communication StrategyAnnual Code of Ethics Assessment
- Chapter 6 Ethical Decision-MakingEthical Behavior ModelIndividual Characteristics (A)Organization Characteristics (B)Societal Characteristics (C)Individual’s Moral Consciousness (D)Situation’s Moral Intensity (E)Ethical Judgment (F)Ethical Intentions (G)Systematic Rational Ethical Decision-Making Process (H)Need for Moral Reflection: VolkswagenA Systematic Rational Ethical Decision-Making ProcessThe Six Ethical TheoriesEgoismSocial Group RelativismCultural RelativismUtilitarianismDeontologyVirtue EthicsUniversal AppealReaching a Moral Conclusion: VolkswagenPersuading OthersEthical Applications: Achieving Ethical ConsensusTen “Ethical Hazard Approaching” Signs
- Chapter 7 Ethics TrainingBuilding Awareness, Trust, and a High-Integrity Work CultureExtent of Ethics TrainingWho to TrainWeb-Based Ethics TrainingThe Workshop FacilitatorEthics Discussion GuidelinesFraming the Training WorkshopEthics Training OptionsEthical Culture WorkshopsTypical Behaviors ExperiencedEthical Culture AssessmentCode-of-Conduct WorkshopsCode-of-Conduct ContentApplying the Code of Conduct to Specific SituationsOutcome of Code-of-Conduct ViolationsFraud and Theft ExplorationEthical Decision-Making WorkshopsApply the Systematic Rational Ethical Decision-Making ProcessEthical Applications: Requiring Written Response to Ethical DilemmasCreate Business Ethics Scenarios for DiscussionScripting Responses to Unethical BehaviorsEthical Self-Awareness WorkshopsEthics Personality MeasuresGratitude and AppreciationLevel-of-Moral-Development AnalysisBenchmark to an Ideal EmployeeWork as a CallingInspirational QuotesAssessing the Ethics Training Workshops
- Chapter 8 Respecting Employee DiversityFour Dimensions of DiversityPermanent DimensionEvolving DimensionPersonality DimensionOrganizational DimensionSelf-CategorizationHistory of Ethnic and Religious Diversity and DiscriminationPopulation Diversity GrowthDiscriminatory Employment PracticesUnauthorized Immigrant PopulationsWorkplace DiscriminationGender Discrimination IssuesPay InequalityGlass CeilingPregnancyRace and Ethnicity Discrimination IssuesReligious Discrimination IssuesAge Discrimination IssuesDisability Discrimination IssuesSexual Orientation Discrimination IssuesHarassment and Hostile Work EnvironmentsRetaliation for Discrimination ClaimDiversity ManagementCompetitive Advantages of Diversity ManagementBest Operational Practices for Managing DiversityImplementing a Diversity InitiativeDiversity TrainingEthical Applications: Addressing MicroaggressionsWhen You are the TargetWhen You are a BystanderWhen You are the MicroaggressorDiversity Training WorkshopsWho Are You?Us Versus ThemDominant Group and Subordinate Group AwarenessThe Dominant Group’s StatusImplicit Attitude Test (IAT)Individual Uniqueness and CommonalitiesSexual HarassmentCommunication StylePART III MANAGING INTERNAL OPERATIONS
- Chapter 9 Ethics Reporting SystemsEmployee Silence on Ethical MisconductExtent and Cost of Employee SilenceReasons for Employee SilenceOrganizational FactorsObserver FactorsAnticipated and Actual Negative OutcomesEffective Internal Ethics Reporting SystemEthically Approachable ManagersEthics Point PersonEthics and Compliance Officer (ECO)OmbudsmanChaplainsEthics Assist LinesHow an Ethics Assist Line WorksTypes of InquiriesEffective Ethics Assist LinesWhistleblowing Encouraged by GovernmentThe False Claims ActReporting Tax FraudDodd-Frank Act of 2010Whistleblower Protection LawsWhen to Blow the WhistleNegative Outcomes for WhistleblowersOrganization Ethics Audit
- Chapter 10 Managers as Ethical Leaders and Performance AssessmentsManagerial PowerExercise of PowerTraditional Leadership StylesAuthoritarian Leadership StyleParticipatory Leadership StyleSituational Leadership StyleEthical LeadershipPersonal IntegrityWhat Is Ethical Leadership?Ethical Leadership During CoronavirusMeasuring Ethical LeadershipEthical Applications: Common Decencies at WorkDeveloping Ethical Leadership SkillsServant LeadershipA Great Place to WorkGoals Fostering Ethical BehaviorsHolistic Organizational GoalsStretch GoalsGoal SettingClawback DisincentivesStress ManagementAppraising Employee and Organization Ethical PerformanceTransparent Employee FeedbackPerformance AppraisalsUnethical BehaviorsLiving Up to the Code-of-Ethics Performance AppraisalsIdeal-Employee Performance AppraisalCollection and Evaluation IssuesPerformance Appraisal FeedbackDisciplining Ethical ViolationsMajor InfractionsMinor InfractionsForgiving Unethical Employees
- Chapter 11 Ethically Engaging and Empowering EmployeesExtent and Benefits of Employee EngagementEthically Engaging EmployeesHuman NeedsPaul LawrenceAbraham MaslowDavid McclellandJob SatisfactionOrganizational Justice and FairnessUnethical BulliesMeaningful WorkMeasuring Employee EngagementEthically Empowering EmployeesEmpowering Go-Getters, Fence-Sitters, and AdversarialsGo-GettersFence-SittersAdversarial EmployeesMeasuring a Manager’s Empowerment BehaviorsEmpowering Through TeamsEmpowering Effective TeamsOpen-Book ManagementEthical Applications: Open-Book ManagementAppreciative InquiryDaily Performance HuddlesEmpowering Through Group-Based Financial IncentivesScanlon-Type Gainsharing PlansProfit SharingStock Option and Stock Purchase PlansPART IV BEING AN ETHICAL CITIZEN IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY
- Chapter 12 Global SustainabilityEconomic Growth and the World’s Changing ClimateEconomic GrowthClimate ChangeClimate Change ImpactsInternational Treaties and National Public PolicyGlobal CO2 EmissionsGlobal Accountability and CooperationCompetitive Advantages of Green BusinessesBusiness Sector ResponsesGreen Energy, Technology, and JobsScience-Based FirmsManaging the Environmental Change ProcessGreen Organization FeaturesGreen Mission StatementEnvironmental Management System (EMS)Green BuildingsEthical Applications: Steps to Green Your OfficeCradle-to-Cradle Products in a Circular EconomyGreen SuppliersEnvironmental Goals and Performance IndicatorsCarbon Offsets and Green Philanthropy
- Chapter 13 Global Corporate CitizenshipInternational BusinessGlobalizationPolitical Norms and Risks—McKinsey in South AfricaLegal and Judicial Norms and Risks—Uber in BrazilCultural Norms and Risks—U.S. Pharmaceuticals in IndiaGlobal Business Civilizing EffortsAddressing “When in Rome Do As The Romans Do”Integrative Social Contract TheoryUnited Nations Global CompactBribery and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)Sweatshops and Child LaborNon-Western Society Corporate Social Responsibility ExamplesBusiness Case for Community InvolvementReputation BenefitsNetworking BenefitsGlobal CSR Business Opportunities for Addressing PovertyFair TradeSocial EntrepreneurshipBottom of the PyramidPhilanthropy and VolunteerismGiving MoneyGiving ProductsEthical Applications: A Highly Integrated Win–Win DonationGiving SkillsGiving Job OpportunitiesStrategic PhilanthropyCommunity Involvement Management Process and Employee Training BenefitsHappiness and Work–Life BalanceStakeholder EngagementMultiple Stakeholder DemandsStakeholder DialoguesCommunity Reputation AssessmentSocial Performance ReportingPART V CASESCase Study 1 Opioid Responsibility: Big Pharma, Doctors, Consultants, and PatientsAuthor BiographyCase OverviewCreating a Nation of Addicts: Purdue Pharma and OxycontinPurdue PharmaWhat is an Opioid?What is Oxycontin?Creating a Market for Pain ReliefSuccess: Oxycontin Sales SoarThe Safer Drug That Wasn’t SaferAn Addiction EpidemicWho’s to Blame for the Epidemic?Purdue’s ResponseCase Study 2 Bayer and Monsanto: Acquiring a Global Giant with a Giant Image ProblemAuthor BiographiesCase OverviewBayer’s Business History and ControversiesMonsanto’s Business History and Image ProblemGMO ControversyAcceptance of GMOs InternationallyGMO Labeling ProblemIntellectual Property Rights ProblemsGMO Cotton Problem in IndiaRoundup Product ProblemMonsanto Public Relations StrategyMonsanto Collaboration StrategyMonsanto’s Corporate Social Responsibility StrategyBayer’s Acquisition ProblemsCase Study 3 Searching for the “New Normal”: The Business Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020Author BiographiesCase OverviewOverviewCOVID-19Shutdown OrdersImpact on BusinessBusiness Response 1: Sharing The Cost with Employees and other StakeholdersBusiness Response 2: Putting Stakeholders FirstBusinesses and Frontline WorkersBusiness and Other StakeholdersBusiness and The CommunitySmall Business: Pivoting to SurviveCOVID-19 and AcademiaIn Search of A “New Normal”Business Advantages of the New NormalConclusionCase Study 4 The Happiness Minimum Wage: The Story of Dan Price and Gravity PaymentsAuthor BiographyCase OverviewSalary Increase InfluencesWhat is The Happiness Minimum Wage?The Complex Question of Appropriate WagesThinking About WagesThe Living WageThe Minimum WageTheory of Efficiency of WagesValues and MotivesEpilogue: Where are Dan Price and Gravity Payments Today?Discussion QuestionsCase Study 5 Volkswagen’s Diesel Scandal: Failure of the Code of ConductAuthor BiographyCase OverviewIntroductionCodes of ConductVolkswagen’s Code of ConductFundamentals of Engineering Ethics—German Association of Engineers (VDI)Mounting Pressure on VWExternal FactorsFuel PricesShift in Customer DemandHybrid and Electric VehiclesEmissions StandardsInternal FactorsStrategy 2018Governance StructureAutocratic LeadershipLegal and Ethical LapsesVW’s Emphasis on the Environment and SustainabilityDevelopment of A “Clean Diesel” EngineTesting The “Clean Diesel” EngineKnowledge About the Defeat DevicePenaltiesStock PriceFinancial CostsCredit RatingsCar SalesPrison SentencesWriting the Initial ReportCase Study 6 Troubles in Higher Education: The Growing Dilemma of Student DebtAuthor BiographyCase OverviewStudent Loan Growth CrisisLending to Students: The BackstoryHistory of the Federal Student Loan ProgramPublic Student Loans Available in Higher EducationDirect Subsidized Stafford LoansDirect Unsubsidized Stafford LoansPerkins LoansPell GrantsFSEOG Grant (aka SEOG Grant)Federal Work-StudyParent PLUS LoansGraduate PLUS Loans (aka Direct PLUS Loans)Private Student LoansCosigningStudent Loan ConsolidationLoan ForgivenessStudent Loan Repayment: Plans and OptionsThe Standard Repayment PlanThe Graduated Repayment PlanThe Extended Repayment PlanThe Pay-as-You-Earn Repayment Plan (PAYE)The Income-Based Repayment Plan (IBR)The Income-Contingent Repayment Plan (ICR)The Income-Sensitive Repayment Plan (ISR)Higher Education: Nonprofit Versus For-Profit InstitutionsWhere Do We Go From Here?Case Study 7 Deutsche Bank’s Path Back to Profitability: From Corruption to ComplianceAuthor BiographyCase OverviewHistory of Deutsche BankA Culture of CorruptionMortgage-Backed Securities (MBS)Mirror TradesLIBOR FixingJeffrey EpsteinPolitical Hirings and Bribes in ChinaRisk Factors in DB’s Strategic PlanDonald Trump’s DB LoansOther Risk FactorsPath to Profitability and IntegrityInternal Controls and ComplianceCultural ChangeAetna: An Example of Cultural ChangeCase Study 8 Starbucks: A Socially Responsible Firm And A Diversity CrisisAuthor BiographyOverviewCommunity Involvement BackgroundPhiladelphia Diversity IncidentAntibias Diversity Training Day and CurriculumOther Social Justice IssuesCase Study 9 Boeing 737 Max and the Challenger: The Tale of Flying Objects Falling From the SkyAuthor BiographyCase OverviewIntroductionEthical Decision-MakingWhistleblowingThe Space Shuttle ChallengerThe Boeing 737 MaxCase Study 10 The Wells Fargo Scandal: A Tale of a Toxic Corporate CultureAuthor BiographiesCase OverviewIntroductionFraudBackgroundFinancial Crisis of 2007–2008 and Its AftermathScandalHow Did the Fraud Occur?How Did This Happen at Wells Fargo?A Toxic Corporate CultureEmployees SuccumbedLeadership Was ComplicitResult: System FailureWhat About the Customers?What About the Regulators?Bottom-Line Costs of Bad BehaviorPersonal CostsFirst Steps for Wells FargoChange at Wells FargoLooking ForwardCase Study 11 Uber’s #MeToo Reckoning: Sexual Harassment and Gender DiscriminationAuthor BiographiesCase OverviewSelf-Care MessageUberHistory of UberUber’s Climate of ToleranceFowler’s AccountPostreportingDecision to QuitPostevent Responses by Uber LeadershipChanges and ResolutionsA Brief Overview of the Research EvidenceInternal Reporting Systems and WhistleblowingIncidents and Reporting of Sexual HarassmentEmployee SilenceConsequences for Employees Experiencing Sexual HarassmentPreventative ApproachesEvidence SummaryCase Study 12 The Paris Climate Change Agreement: Walmart and Amazon as Sustainability LeadersAuthor BiographiesOverviewBackground: The Global Paris Climate AgreementU.S. Climate Domestic PoliciesThe Climate Change Response from Global Businesses: Walmart’s and Amazon’s Climate Policy ApproachesReducing GHG Emissions in Direct Operations (Scope 1 And 2)Reducing GHG Emissions in the Supply Chain (Scope 3 Upstream)Reducing GHG Emissions from Consumers (Scope 3 Downstream)Increasing Pressures to Protect the Environment and Address Climate ChangeCase Study 13 Corporate Citizen or Public Parasite? Amazon’s Complicated Relationship With the IRSAuthor BiographyCase OverviewFrom Basement Bookstore to Global JuggernautTaxing Amazon’s Success?Just How Much Tax Should Amazon be Paying?Is Amazon Unique in Avoiding its Taxes?Why Do (or Don’t) Corporations Pay Taxes?What Does a Corporation Owe its Shareholders?What Does a Corporation Owe the Rest of US?Does Tax Avoidance Really Maximize Shareholder Value?Does Amazon Give Good Returns on Tax Incentives?Amazon is not Picking up its Share of Society’s TabAppendix Ethical ConsiderationsGlossaryEndnotesIndex
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